Female sex workers in the country are one of the most affected populations, with high prevalence rates of both HIV and sexually transmitted infections STIs. Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken in Yangon at the end of to investigate the social and demographic features contributing to the transmission of HIV among female sex workers in urban Myanmar. Twenty-seven key informants from the government, non-government organisations NGOs , international non-government organisations INGOs , private sector and the United Nations system agencies and 25 women currently working in the sex trade were interviewed. Results: The sex trade in Yangon is rapidly growing and is characterised by a high degree of complexity. The number of female sex workers is estimated to be between 5, and 10, and there are approximately brothels operating in various townships around the city.